Malaria and Global Responsibility Essay - 1184 Words

Malaria and Global Responsibility The United Nations has declared 2000-2010 the decade to roll back malaria. The social, economic and human effects of this disease are dramatic: 40% of the worlds population is currently at risk for malaria, and it kills an African child every 30 seconds(7). The presence of malaria, as that of most other endemic tropical diseases, is directly related to the precarious living conditions of people in developing countries, but is also a cause that hinders growth and development, In Africa today, malaria is understood to be both a disease of poverty and a cause of poverty. (6). This essay aims to show the connections between disease and society in specific regards to malaria, as well as the need for a†¦show more content†¦The History: The name malaria (bad air) comes from the early belief that tropical swamps caused the disease. It is one of the most ancient infectious diseases recorded; as early as the 5th century BC, Hippocrates (often referred to as the father of medicine) rec orded observations of malarial fevers. Investigation in the disease gained importance in the late 19th century not only because of its relatively high prevalence in countries such as Italy, but by the growing presence of mainly English, French and Spanish soldiers and colonizers in Southern Asia, Africa and the Americas, all areas of high risk. In the 1880s, Alphonse Laveran, a French army-surgeon, was the first to distinguish the malarial parasite and recognize it as the cause. Later in the same decade, the British Dr. Ronald Ross showed that the Culex mosquito transmits malaria in birds, finding for which he earned the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physiology. Ross discovery allowed his Italian contemporaries Giuseppe Bastianelli, Amico Bignami and Giovanni Battista Grassi to find that malaria in humans is also transmitted by mosquitoes, though of a different species: the Anopheles. Sanitation as a basic preventive measure resulting from these observations became a key factor in significant ly diminishing death from malaria, which allowed the completion historical endeavors, such as the Panama Canal, a major agent of economic development. 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